PROCESS SAFETY

Warehouse fire protection event tree

A warehouse fire event tree starts with the fire and follows the performance of the safeguards intended to limit it. Detection raises the alarm, sprinklers can control the fire and the responding fire service can contain it. Each success or failure branch leads to a consequence such as minor damage, major damage or total loss. This form of analysis is useful when a property-risk team needs a clear view of why several independent protection layers matter. The probabilities belong to the initiating event and the barrier functions, while the outcome rows describe the resulting scenarios. Replace the illustrative values with values supported by inspection records, testing, reliability data and the fire strategy for the actual site.

UPDATED 2026-09-24
EXAMPLEWarehouse fire protection event tree
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CASE ANALYSIS

Scenario

A warehouse risk review needs to show how fire protection layers change the consequence.

Key decisions

  • Initiating event: Start with a warehouse fire frequency.
  • Ordered barriers: Place detection, sprinklers and fire service in the order they affect escalation.
  • Pruned paths: End paths once a failure makes later barriers irrelevant.

When to reuse this

Use for an early consequence review of a fire-protection arrangement; calibrate probabilities with site data.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What does an event tree show?01
It shows how the success or failure of ordered barriers changes the outcomes after an initiating event.
Where do probabilities go in an event tree?02
Give the initiating event a frequency and each barrier its failure probability; the diagram computes the path frequencies.
Why are some branches pruned?03
A branch is pruned when an earlier outcome ends the scenario, so later barriers no longer affect it.
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