MEDICINE

Dyspnea differential diagnosis tree

A dyspnea differential diagnosis tree helps organize a symptom with many possible causes. It begins with respiratory and circulatory instability, then separates obstructive, infectious, pleuritic, cardiac and systemic patterns. The branches are prompts for targeted history and examination, not a diagnostic protocol. Students can use the tree to practice explaining their reasoning in a case discussion. Real shortness of breath can be urgent and always requires assessment appropriate to the severity and local clinical guidance.

UPDATED 2026-09-24
EXAMPLEDyspnea differential diagnosis tree
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CASE ANALYSIS

Scenario

A learner practices organizing causes of shortness of breath.

Key decisions

  • Identify urgency: Severe distress and instability need immediate response.
  • Recognize obstruction: Wheeze can focus the respiratory branch.
  • Check infection and embolic clues: Symptoms guide further assessment.
  • Retain breadth: Cardiac and systemic causes remain possible.

When to reuse this

Educational aid only; urgent symptoms require immediate professional evaluation.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Why start with instability?01
Severe distress, low oxygen or hemodynamic compromise may need urgent treatment and assessment.
Can wheeze only mean asthma?02
No. Wheeze has several possible causes and must be interpreted clinically.
Can I add investigations?03
Yes, add findings such as vital signs or imaging results for an educational case.
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