상황
A cargo e-bike is charged from an off-grid solar installation using a 1.5 kW PV array and a 52 V 40 Ah stationary battery, with a DC-DC charger feeding the e-bike's 48 V battery and a motor controller driving a 1.5 kW mid-drive motor.
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01
Use a common negative ground rail to simplify wiring and safety grounding.
02
Represent the MPPT charge controller and motor controller as custom 4-pin ICs with explicit input/output and return pins.
03
Add fuses on both PV input and charger output to protect against overcurrent.
Reuse this structure for small off-grid vehicle charging stations where solar input, intermediate storage, and a separate vehicle battery must be shown in one netlist.