Analyzing the persistently high maternal mortality ratio in rural India through a problem tree to visualize cause-effect relationships, where inadequate healthcare infrastructure and low demand-side factors drive the core issue, leading to severe health and socioeconomic consequences.
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Grouped causes into supply-side (infrastructure) and demand-side (awareness, culture, finance) with secondary factors shown as children
Structured impacts into immediate health outcomes and broader socioeconomic effects
Used left-to-right orientation to show causal chain (causes → problem → impacts)
Generalizable to any public health or development problem requiring root cause analysis, such as reducing child malnutrition, improving sanitation, or strengthening infectious disease control in low-resource settings.