السيناريو
A laboratory team synthesizes Fe3O4 nanoparticles by co-precipitation and needs to surface-modify them with citrate for colloidal stability and biosensing applications.
ما الذي يتضمنه هذا الرسم
اقرأ القرارات الكامنة وراءه.
01
Adjust pH to 6.5 before citrate addition
02
Heat at 80°C under nitrogen for 2 h
03
Reoptimize citrate ratio or pH if characterization fails
04
Conjugate biomolecules only after quality acceptance
Use this flowchart when planning citrate-stabilized Fe3O4 nanoparticle synthesis and surface functionalization for biomedical or biosensing research.