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geology · classification

Rock sample dichotomous key

This dichotomous key separates four rock samples using observable texture and one simple test. A glassy surface points to obsidian. For the other rocks, a dilute-acid reaction distinguishes limestone. Visible sand-sized grains indicate sandstone, leaving granite as the crystalline, non-fizzing sample. The questions are arranged so each one narrows the remaining options. In a classroom, explain safety before using acid and substitute a different property if testing is not appropriate. Real rock identification can require additional observations, but a short key is useful for learning how classification decisions work. It gives readers a concise reference they can reuse when discussing the result with colleagues.

Type Decision treeStandard Howard-Raiffa / CART-sklearn / taxonomyEngine schematex-decisiontreeUpdated 9/24/2026
Identify a rock sample
Drawing preview
The request

“A dichotomous key to identify obsidian, limestone, sandstone, and granite samples using glassy surface, acid reaction, and visible sand-sized grains.”

Then tryAdd a shale sample outcomeReplace the acid test with a hardness test
What is in this drawing

Read the decisions behind it.

01Surface

Identify glassy obsidian first.

02Reaction

Use an acid test for limestone.

03Texture

Separate sandstone from crystalline granite.

Use for a supervised classroom rock-identification exercise.

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FAQ

Common questions

Why is acid used here?

Limestone commonly reacts with dilute acid because it contains calcite.

Is obsidian a mineral?

No. It is volcanic glass, classified as an igneous rock.

Can a key use tests and observations?

Yes, provided each step remains a clear two-way choice.