상황
An analyst evaluating how attractive an industry is before committing to compete in it.
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01
Each force gets concrete drivers (switching costs, cloud commoditization) rather than a verdict alone.
02
Buyer power separates price-sensitive SMBs from integration-hungry enterprises.
03
Substitutes call out both API-first products and open source explicitly.
Reuse for industry analysis, competitive strategy, or investment due diligence.