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Illustrates the pathophysiologic progression of heart failure: cardiac insult leads to reduced cardiac output, triggering compensatory mechanisms (sympathetic activation, RAAS, remodeling) that cause adverse hemodynamic effects and worsen output, creating a vicious cycle culminating in end-stage failure.
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01
Compensatory mechanisms activation
02
Chronic loop versus decompensation
Medical education, clinical decision support, and understanding the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure.